Describe the impact of excess water on concrete.

Excess water in concrete has a significant detrimental impact on its overall quality and performance. When there is too much water in the mix, it leads to an increase in the water-to-cement ratio. This dilution can hinder the hydration process of the cement, which is crucial for developing the desired strength and durability of the concrete.

As the water evaporates and the concrete cures, the capillary spaces left behind can create voids within the hardened structure. These voids not only reduce the density of the concrete but also make it more susceptible to various environmental factors, such as freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, ultimately leading to a decrease in strength and increased permeability. Consequently, this can result in problems like cracking, spalling, and overall deterioration of the concrete over time.

The other options suggest outcomes that are either neutral or beneficial—which is not the case with excess water. In reality, excess water is detrimental and compromises the integrity of the concrete, making the understanding of this factor crucial for anyone involved in concrete flatwork finishing.