What aspect of concrete does a higher water-to-cement ratio typically compromise?

A higher water-to-cement ratio compromises the strength and durability of concrete. The water-to-cement ratio is a critical factor in determining the strength of concrete, as it directly influences the hydration process. When there is more water relative to cement, it creates a more diluted mix, which can lead to incomplete hydration and result in a porous structure. This porosity decreases the overall density and strength of the hardened concrete, making it more susceptible to cracking, weathering, and other forms of deterioration over time.

Moreover, increasing the water content can adversely affect the concrete's durability, leading to issues like increased permeability. This allows harmful substances, such as chlorides or sulfates, to penetrate the concrete more easily, which can further compromise its structural integrity. In high-performance applications where strength and durability are paramount, maintaining an appropriate water-to-cement ratio is essential to ensure that the concrete can withstand environmental stresses and loads effectively.